Frank McCleary

Europe’s Robotaxi Race Runs Through National Rules and Local Training

Europe’s national routes to robotaxi service are advancing at different speeds, but regulatory progress does not make a deployment portable, Frank McCleary, a partner at Arthur D. Little, told Bloomberg’s Ed Ludlow. Operators must train their systems in each new environment, McCleary said, so experience gained in China does not by itself establish that a vehicle will work in a European city. Ludlow framed Europe as an option for Chinese operators facing constrained access to the US; McCleary described the US restrictions behind that constraint.